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spitting cobra
A spitting cobra is any of several species of cobras that can project venom from their fangs when defending themselves.
==Spitting cobra venom==
The sprayed venom is harmless on intact mammalian skin, but can cause permanent blindness if introduced to the eye; if left untreated it may cause chemosis and corneal swelling.
The venom sprays out in distinctive geometric patterns when muscles squeeze the glands to squirt it out through forward-facing holes near the tips of the fangs. Individuals of some species of spitting cobras make hissing exhalations/lunging movements of their heads when "spitting", and it has been argued that such actions assist in propelling the venom, but research does not support the hypothesis that they play any major functional part except possibly enhancing the threatening effect of the behaviour.〔Berthé, Ruben Andres. Spitting behaviour and fang morphology of spitting cobras. Doctoral thesis, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, April 2011.〕 When cornered, some species "spit" their venom as far as . While spitting typically is their primary form of defense, all spitting cobras also can deliver venom by biting. Most spitting cobras' venoms are significantly cytotoxic, apart from the neurotoxic effects typical of other cobra species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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